El Niño is a climate pattern that occurs irregularly every few years in the Pacific Ocean. It can cause significant changes in weather patterns worldwide, leading to droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events. While El Niño can contribute to unusual climatic happenings, it's important to note that not all unusual climatic events are a direct outcome of El Niño.

Other factors like La Niña, long-term climate change, regional climate patterns, and various natural climate variability modes can also influence climatic events. For example, Arctic oscillation, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation are other patterns that can impact weather on a regional or global scale.

To understand specific climatic events, it is crucial to consider multiple factors, including El Niño, but attributing all unusual climatic happenings to the El Niño effect would oversimplify the complex nature of weather and climate systems. Scientific research and analysis are required to study and attribute specific events to the relevant factors.

It's not accurate to say that most unusual climatic happenings are explained by El Niño. While El Niño is a significant factor influencing global weather patterns, it's just one of many drivers of climate variability.

Here's why:

• El Niño is a periodic event: It occurs every few years, and its effects are generally short-term. While it can cause dramatic shifts in weather patterns, it doesn't explain all unusual weather events.
• Other factors influencing climate: Climate change, volcanic eruptions, solar activity, and natural oscillations like the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation also play a crucial role.
• Attribution studies: Scientists use sophisticated models and data analysis to understand the relative contributions of different factors to individual weather events. It's often a complex interplay of factors, not just El Niño.

For example:

• Heatwaves: While El Niño can contribute to heatwaves in some regions, many heatwaves are caused by other factors like climate change, urban heat islands, and local weather patterns.
• Hurricanes: While El Niño can influence hurricane activity in the Pacific, other factors like sea surface temperature, wind patterns, and atmospheric pressure are also important.
• Droughts: While El Niño can contribute to droughts in some regions, many droughts are caused by long-term changes in precipitation patterns, human land use, and climate change.

In conclusion:

El Niño is a significant factor in influencing global weather patterns, but it's not the sole explanation for all unusual climatic happenings. A comprehensive understanding of climate variability requires considering the complex interplay of various factors.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which includes El Niño and La Niña events, is indeed a significant factor in many unusual climatic happenings. However, it's not the sole explanation for all unusual climate events.

El Niño and La Niña are complex weather patterns that occur when there are fluctuations in the surface pressure and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Pacific Ocean. These fluctuations can have far-reaching impacts on global climate patterns, leading to droughts, floods, heatwaves, and other extreme weather events.

Some of the unusual climatic happenings that can be linked to the El Niño effect include:

1. Heavy rainfall and flooding: El Niño events are often associated with heavy rainfall and flooding in regions such as South America, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa.
2. Droughts: La Niña events, on the other hand, can lead to droughts in regions like Australia, Indonesia, and South Africa.
3. Heatwaves: El Niño events can contribute to heatwaves in regions like North America, Europe, and Asia.
4. Extreme weather events: El Niño and La Niña events can increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events like hurricanes, typhoons, and wildfires.

However, not all unusual climate events can be attributed to the El Niño effect. Other factors that can contribute to unusual climate events include:

1. Climate change: Global warming is leading to an increase in extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and changes in precipitation patterns.
2. Volcanic eruptions: Large volcanic eruptions can inject ash and aerosols into the stratosphere, reflecting sunlight and cooling the planet.
3. Arctic oscillation: Changes in the Arctic oscillation (AO) can influence winter weather patterns in the Northern Hemisphere.
4. Other climate cycles: Other climate cycles, such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), can also impact global climate patterns.

In conclusion, while the El Niño effect is an important factor in many unusual climatic happenings, it is not the only explanation. A comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between various climate factors is necessary to accurately attribute the causes of unusual climate events.