GS Question

In the last two years, Maldives has witnessed several significant political developments, which have raised concerns for India and the international community at large. Here are some key events:

1. Presidential Elections 2018: In September 2018, the Maldivian opposition candidate, Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, won the presidential elections, defeating the incumbent president, Abdulla Yameen. This election was seen as a return to democracy, as Yameen's regime had been accused of suppressing political opponents and undermining democratic institutions.

2. Democratic Reforms: Following Solih's victory, the Maldivian government initiated various democratic reforms, including the release of political prisoners, reinstating freedom of speech and assembly, and strengthening the independence of the judiciary. These steps were widely appreciated by the international community.

3. Strategic Shift: The new Maldivian government has shown a shift in its foreign policy approach. Under President Yameen, the Maldives had developed close ties with China, causing concerns for India. However, Solih's government expressed its intent to recalibrate foreign relations and maintain a more balanced approach between India and China.

4. Infrastructure Projects: One of the major concerns for India is the presence of Chinese-funded infrastructure projects in the Maldives, which were initiated during Yameen's tenure. These projects raised apprehensions over potential strategic implications, as it seemed like China was gaining a foothold in the Indian Ocean region. The new government is reviewing these projects, which has provided some relief to India.

5. Security Challenges: The Maldives has faced challenges related to religious radicalization and the presence of extremist elements. The spread of radical ideologies in the region has raised concerns over the country becoming a safe haven for terrorists. This poses security threats not just to the Maldives but also to neighboring countries, including India.

Considering these developments, India has valid reasons to be concerned about the political situation in the Maldives. India sees the Maldives as part of its sphere of influence due to their geographical proximity and historical ties. Any adverse political developments or increased Chinese influence in the Maldives could potentially undermine India's strategic interests in the Indian Ocean region.

India's concerns are further fueled by the fact that the Maldives lies along vital sea lanes of communication through which a significant portion of its trade passes. Thus, ensuring stability, democratic governance, and countering security threats in the Maldives is crucial for India's national security and regional stability.

However, the recent democratic reforms and the Maldivian government's willingness to engage with India have provided some reassurances. Both countries have reinvigorated their bilateral ties, focusing on cooperation in various sectors, including defense, trade, tourism, and maritime security. These positive developments have helped address some of India's concerns and maintain a stable relationship with the Maldives.