GS Question

The National Water Policy of India was formulated in 2012 with the aim of considering water as a common pool resource and promoting integrated water resources management. The policy focuses on sustainable development and equitable distribution of water resources, water conservation, efficient use of water, and pollution control.

Some of the key strategies that can be adopted for river water pollution control and management, using the river Ganges as an example, are:

1. Treatment of Sewage: Developing and upgrading sewage treatment infrastructure in cities and towns along the Ganges. This includes constructing sewage treatment plants and promoting the use of decentralized sewage treatment systems.

2. Industrial Effluent Treatment: Ensuring industries set up effluent treatment plants and comply with standards for effluent quality. Regular monitoring and strict enforcement of pollution control laws should be carried out.

3. Solid Waste Management: Implementing proper solid waste management practices in towns and cities along the river. This includes segregation of waste, setting up waste treatment and disposal facilities, and promoting recycling and reuse.

4. Awareness and Capacity-Building: Conducting awareness campaigns and education programs to educate the public about the importance of keeping the Ganges clean. Additionally, building the capacity of local authorities for effective pollution control and management.

5. Riverfront Development: Integrating pollution control measures with riverfront development projects. This includes ensuring that any infrastructure or activities along the riverbanks are environmentally sustainable and do not contribute to pollution.

Regarding the legal provisions for management and handling of hazardous wastes in India, the key legislation is the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. Some of the provisions under this law are:

1. Authorization: Any entity involved in the generation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of hazardous waste must obtain the required authorization from the State Pollution Control Board.

2. Waste Handling and Storage: The rules lay down guidelines for the proper handling, storage, and packaging of hazardous waste to prevent spillage or leakage that could cause pollution.

3. Transportation: The rules prescribe specific requirements for the transportation of hazardous waste, including the use of appropriate vehicles, labeling, and necessary precautions to prevent any accidents or spillages during transit.

4. Treatment and Disposal: Hazardous wastes must be treated and disposed of in specified facilities that meet environmental standards. The rules provide guidelines for the selection and operation of such facilities.

5. Record-Keeping and Reporting: Entities handling hazardous waste must maintain records of their activities and submit periodic reports to the regulatory authorities.

Non-compliance with these provisions can result in penalties and legal action, including closure of the facility and imprisonment.