GS Question

Tropical cyclones are not solely confined to the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico, but these regions are more prone to such storms due to a combination of geographical and atmospheric factors. Here's why:

1. Warm Ocean Waters: Tropical cyclones require warm ocean waters with temperatures above 27°C (81°F) to gather energy and intensify. The South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico have warm sea surface temperatures throughout the year, providing favorable conditions for cyclone development.

2. Monsoon Circulation: The Bay of Bengal and South China Sea are influenced by the annual monsoon cycle. During the summer monsoon, warm moist air from the ocean rises, creating low-pressure systems that can develop into tropical cyclones. The monsoon dynamics contribute to the formation and intensification of cyclones in these regions.

3. Favorable Atmospheric Conditions: Tropical cyclones require a low vertical wind shear (change in wind speed and direction with height). The South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico typically experience low wind shear conditions, allowing cyclones to develop vertically and maintain their structure.

4. Coastal Topography: The coastal topography in the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico promotes cyclone formation. These regions have large coastal areas with relatively shallow waters near the coastline, which aids in the transfer of moisture to the atmosphere, enhancing the energy supply for cyclone development.

5. Geographical Factors: The geographical location of these regions also plays a role. The South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico are situated within the tropical latitudes, where the Coriolis effect (caused by Earth's rotation) is strong enough to initiate cyclonic circulation.

It's important to note that tropical cyclones can occur in various other regions as well, including the Atlantic Ocean (particularly the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic), the Indian Ocean, and the Western Pacific Ocean. However, due to the factors mentioned above, the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico tend to experience a higher frequency of cyclone activity.