Question #
Why are the tribals in India referred to as the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.
Answer by Chad #
The tribals in India are referred to as Scheduled Tribes because they are listed as such in the "Schedule" of the Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India recognizes that these groups have historically faced social, economic, and educational disadvantages and therefore need special protection and assistance for their upliftment. The major provisions enshrined in the Constitution for their upliftment are:
1. Reservation: The Constitution provides for the reservation of seats in legislative bodies (both at the national and state levels) for Scheduled Tribes. This ensures their political representation and participation.
2. Protective measures: The Constitution allows for the making of special laws and regulations to protect the rights and interests of Scheduled Tribes. These laws aim to safeguard their culture, resources, and heritage from exploitation and external influences.
3. Developmental schemes and finance: The Constitution emphasizes the need for the development of Scheduled Tribes and allocates funds for their welfare. It also mandates the establishment of Tribal Advisory Councils at the state and district levels to monitor and guide the implementation of these programs.
4. Land rights: The Constitution recognizes the significance of land for the socio-economic development of Scheduled Tribes. It includes provisions for safeguarding their land rights and ensuring protection against forced displacement.
5. Education and employment: The Constitution promotes the educational and employment opportunities for Scheduled Tribes through various provisions. Scholarships, reservations, and special educational institutions are set up to increase access to quality education. Similarly, reservations in government jobs, including civil services, are provided to facilitate employment opportunities.
6. Cultural and linguistic preservation: The Constitution guarantees the right to conserve and promote the distinct culture, language, and traditions of Scheduled Tribes. It also allows for the establishment of educational institutions where the medium of instruction is their mother tongue.
These provisions and initiatives aim to address historical discrimination and inequalities faced by the tribals in India and promote their social integration and overall development.