GS Question

Before the signing of the Sendai Framework for DRR in 2015, India had already implemented several measures for disaster risk reduction. These measures included:

1. Establishment of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): In 2005, India established the NDMA as the apex body responsible for disaster management in the country. It coordinates and implements policies, plans, and guidelines for effective disaster risk reduction.

2. National Disaster Management Plan: In 2016, India developed and implemented the National Disaster Management Plan, which is a comprehensive document outlining strategies, programs, and measures for disaster risk reduction and management.

3. Early Warning Systems: India has implemented several early warning systems for various types of disasters, such as cyclones, floods, and earthquakes. These systems help in timely notification and evacuation of vulnerable populations to safer areas.

4. Capacity Building Initiatives: India has focused on capacity building at various levels, including training programs for disaster management personnel, awareness campaigns, and skill development initiatives to enhance preparedness and response capabilities.

After signing the Sendai Framework for DRR, India has further strengthened its efforts towards disaster risk reduction. Some of the key steps taken include:

1. Mainstreaming DRR: India has integrated disaster risk reduction considerations into sectoral plans and policies, such as infrastructure development, urban planning, and agriculture, to ensure resilience against disasters.

2. National Disaster Risk Index: India has launched the National Disaster Risk Index, which assesses and ranks states and union territories based on their vulnerability to various hazards. This helps in prioritizing resources and interventions for higher-risk areas.

3. National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR): India has established the NPDRR as a forum for consultation, coordination, and review of the progress in disaster risk reduction activities. It brings together various stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society organizations, and academia.

4. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure: India is investing in building resilient infrastructure to withstand disasters. This includes the construction of cyclone shelters, flood embankments, and earthquake-resistant buildings.

The Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030) is different from the Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005, in several ways:

1. Focus on Risk Reduction: The Sendai Framework emphasizes disaster risk reduction rather than just disaster management and response, as in the Hyogo Framework. It recognizes the importance of preventive measures and efforts to reduce the underlying risk factors.

2. Broadening the Scope: The Sendai Framework expands the scope of disaster risk reduction by including various types of hazards, such as natural and man-made disasters, climate change-related risks, and environmental degradation. The Hyogo Framework primarily focused on natural hazards.

3. Sustainable Development Integration: The Sendai Framework promotes the integration of disaster risk reduction strategies into sustainable development planning. It recognizes the interlinkages between disasters, poverty, and development, calling for a holistic and inclusive approach.

4. Monitoring and Reporting: The Sendai Framework emphasizes the need for systematic monitoring and reporting of progress in disaster risk reduction. It sets targets and indicators to measure advancements, ensuring accountability and transparency.

Overall, the Sendai Framework provides a more comprehensive and holistic approach to disaster risk reduction, encompassing a broader range of risks and linking it with sustainable development goals. It encourages proactive measures and investments for building resilience, laying the foundation for a safer and more resilient future.