GS Question

During the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, Mahatma Gandhi undertook several constructive programmes aimed at empowering the masses and building a stronger nation. Some of these programmes were:

1. Promotion of Khadi: Gandhi believed that weaving and wearing hand-spun Khadi (traditional Indian cloth) could serve as a symbol of self-reliance and resistance against British goods. He encouraged people to spin their own yarn and weave Khadi as a means to develop cottage industries, generate employment, and promote economic independence.

2. Emphasis on Swadeshi: Gandhi advocated the use of Indian-made goods and boycotting British products. He aimed to strengthen the Indian economy and reduce dependence on foreign goods. This involved encouraging the production and consumption of Indian products, thereby promoting indigenous industries.

3. Education and Nationalism: Gandhi believed that a strong education system was necessary for the nation's development. He promoted the idea of basic education that would combine vocational training with academic knowledge, enabling people to become self-sufficient and active participants in the independence movement. This emphasis on education aimed to foster a sense of nationalism and unity among the masses.

4. Women's Empowerment: Gandhi emphasized the importance of women's participation in the freedom struggle. He encouraged women to join the movements and actively participate in various constructive activities. Gandhi's constructive programmes focused on improving the status and rights of women through education, skill development, and advocating for their equality within society.

5. Village Development: Gandhi strongly believed in the power and potential of Indian villages as the foundation of the nation. He actively promoted the idea of Gram Swaraj or self-sufficient villages. He encouraged villagers to engage in productive activities like agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts, and cottage industries to develop local economies and create sustainable livelihoods.

6. Social Welfare: Gandhi was deeply committed to social equality and justice. He undertook various constructive programmes that aimed at uplifting marginalized communities and addressing issues like untouchability and caste discrimination. He encouraged Harijan (untouchable) upliftment, promoted communal harmony, and advocated for equal rights for all.

These constructive programmes were crucial to Gandhi's nonviolent approach to freedom struggle, emphasizing self-sufficiency, grassroots empowerment, and socio-economic development. They played a significant role in mobilizing the masses and building a strong foundation for the struggle against British colonialism.