GS Question

The causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats can be differentiated based on the underlying geological and meteorological factors. Here are some key distinctions:

Himalayan Region:

1. Tectonic activity: The Himalayan region is highly prone to tectonic activity due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. This leads to intense pressure and results in a complex geological structure, making the area susceptible to landslides.

2. Steep slopes: The Himalayas are characterized by steep slopes and towering peaks, which increase the potential for landslides. The force of gravity acting on the loose rock and soil on these slopes can trigger landslides frequently.

3. Earthquakes: The Himalayas experience frequent seismic events due to the active nature of the region. Earthquakes can cause landslides by destabilizing slopes and shaking loose the material, leading to mass movements.

4. Glacial activity: The presence of glaciers in the Himalayan region contributes to landslides. The melting of glaciers can saturate the soil and cause instability, while glacial retreat exposes steep slopes and weakens the overall stability of the terrain.

Western Ghats:

1. Heavy rainfall: The Western Ghats are subjected to heavy monsoon rainfall, which plays a significant role in triggering landslides. The intense rainfall saturates the soil, increasing its weight and reducing its stability, making slopes prone to sliding.

2. Soil and geological composition: The Western Ghats are mainly composed of laterite and clay-rich soils, which are prone to erosion and landslides. These soil types have low shear strength and high water-absorbing capacity, making them highly susceptible to sliding during heavy rain events.

3. Deforestation and human activities: Extensive deforestation and human activities, such as construction on steep slopes and improper land-use practices, can weaken the stability of the Western Ghats. Removal of vegetation cover can result in reduced slope stability, making the area more susceptible to landslides.

4. Terrain morphology: The Western Ghats have undulating terrain with varying slopes, making certain areas prone to landslides. The combination of steep slopes, heavy rainfall, and weak soil composition heightens the chances of mass movements.

Overall, while tectonic activity and earthquakes predominantly influence landslides in the Himalayan region, heavy rainfall, weak soil, and human-induced factors play a significant role in triggering landslides in the Western Ghats.