GS Question

India's policy towards climate change in international fora has been dynamically evolving as the country recognizes the importance of clean energy and its impact on geopolitics. Here is a brief description of India's changing policy in this context:

1. Kyoto Protocol (1997): Initially, India, considered a developing nation, was not legally bound by emissions reduction targets. It called for differentiated responsibilities, emphasizing the need for developed countries to take the lead in combatting climate change.

2. Copenhagen Accord (2009): India's position started shifting as it committed to self-imposed goals, focusing on reducing emissions intensity rather than overall emissions. This acknowledgment marked India's willingness to work towards low-carbon growth.

3. Paris Agreement (2015): India played a significant role in shaping the Paris Agreement. It committed to reducing emissions intensity by 33-35% below 2005 levels by 2030. India's focus on renewable energy and energy efficiency gained prominence.

4. International Solar Alliance (ISA): India launched the ISA in partnership with France at the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference. This alliance aims to mobilize resources, investment, and technology to promote solar energy globally, with a focus on developing countries.

5. Mission Innovation: India became a part of the Mission Innovation initiative, launched during the Paris Agreement. This global partnership aims to accelerate clean energy innovation by increasing research and development investments.

6. G20 Summits: India has consistently emphasized its commitment to clean energy transitions in G20 summits. It promotes the concept of sustainable and inclusive development while seeking support for initiatives like the International Solar Alliance.

7. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): India actively participates in UNFCCC conferences, advocating for climate justice and equitable sharing of the carbon budget. It stresses the need for developed countries to fulfill their financial commitments to support developing nations in their climate actions.

8. Geopolitical impacts: India's shifting policy towards clean energy plays a crucial role in geopolitics. By promoting renewable energy, India aims to reduce its dependence on fossil fuel imports and enhance energy security. It also seeks to position itself as a leader in the clean energy transition, influencing global climate negotiations and attracting investments in the renewable sector.

In summary, India's policy towards climate change in international fora has evolved from emphasizing differentiated responsibilities to actively promoting clean energy and renewable technologies. By aligning with global initiatives and launching its own alliances, India aims to play a significant role in transitioning towards a more sustainable and low-carbon future while ensuring its own energy security.